Gender Inequality Within The United States - 1531 Words

In the past, women are recognized to be feminine who contributes more at home while men is the person who being more masculine and is the one who goes out and earns money to support the family. Nowadays, women education level is getting higher and they have more opportunities to receive better education and work in the society while men are not only limited to jobs that requires leadership but also some caring jobs like nurse or social worker. So we can see there is a trend implicates that the gender roles are slowly starting to change but the gender stereotype still have stayed firmly over the years in North America even though people are now more aware of the problem of gender inequality. In North America, gender roles between women and†¦show more content†¦Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (2011) found that 98 % of Fortune 500 CEOs are men, and 97 % of them are White. Women are not able to enter the career fields such as science, politics and business. â€Å"Althou gh America has opened its doors to the 50% population women college graduates entering the working world, it has locked its gates on promotions above the first management tier, except for the few that were able to knock the gates down†(Lana 1). Lana reveals that it is difficult for women to earn higher positions even both genders have similar opportunities to get jobs nowadays. Women have gained their independence from a male dominated society and are rising to become less dependent on their husbands for financial support. Feminism movements not only have helped to raise the confidence and self-esteem of women but also helped them to get a better life from advocating gender equality. Thus, this shows that gender equality have been improved over the years but there are still gender Inequality due to the gender stereotype in our society. Gender stereotype have remained firmly over the years in North America that social norms pre-assumed the career of women and men in workplace traditionally. â€Å"The characterizations of women and men that comprise descriptive gender stereotypes are remarkably consistent. They have been shown to be consistent across culture† (Heilman 115). Heliman states that the gender stereotype did not change over time because the

Explain the mechanism referred to in the above statement...

â€Å"Trade between advanced countries that are abundant in capital and skill and NIEs (Newly Industrialising Economies) with their abundant supply of unskilled labour was raising the wages of highly skilled workers and lowering the wages of less-skilled workers in the skill- and capital-abundant countries † (Krugman, Obstfeld and Melitz). Explain the mechanism referred to in the above statement using the Heckscher-Ohlin model. The Heckscher-Ohlin model is extremely useful when illustrating how endowments of a particular resource can influence trade between economies. The model shows us how comparative advantage is explained somewhat by the relative abundance of certain resources, such as land, labour or capital. The Heckscher-Ohlin (HO)†¦show more content†¦Assuming the demand schedule is identical in both countries, then without trade, Foreign’s own market equilibrium is at ‘1’ and Home’s equilibrium for cars is at ‘2’. When the two countries trade, the relative ‘world’ price converges to a point somewhere in between these two points at ‘3’. We can see from the above illustration that trade leads to a convergence of world prices at point 3. The Foreign economy will therefore export the good that has seen an increase in its relative price. Now that we have seen how prices change under the assumptions of the HO model, I will now explain how these changes have an impact on the distribution of income in countries open to trade. A rise in the prices of cars increases the purchasing power of skilled labour (the abundant factor) in the foreign country in terms of both goods. At the same time it decreases the purchasing power of unskilled labour (the scarce factor) in terms of both goods. So by opening up to trade, the owners of the abundant factor become better off, whilst owners of the scarce factor become worse off. Theoretically, opening to trade should increase the consumption possibilities for the whole economy, allowing everyone to gain a higher utility. So why do some people become worse off, post-trade under the HO model? The underlying issue is that trade only changes relative prices of factors, which has a direct effect on the relative earnings of thoseShow MoreRelatedIbe International Business Questions Essay example9943 Words   |  40 Pagesa result, during the twenty-first century the triad will be of central importance in the study of international business. 7. Does outsourcing to low wage countries benefit or hurt the home economy? Outsourcing can be domestic or offshore. Using domestic sources for raw materials and components allows a company to avoid problems with language differences, distance, currency, politics, and tariffs, as well as problems. However, for many companies, domestic sources may be unavailable or mayRead MoreEffect of Internal Controls on Financial Performance11978 Words   |  48 Pagesvariables and their impact on performance (Bamford et al., 2004). However, in order to be able to analyze and model the performance of new ventures and SMEs, the complexity and dynamism they are facing as well as the fact that they may not be a homogenous group but significantly different in regard to many characteristics (Gartner et al., 1989) have to be taken into account. In line with the above, there have been challenging debates all over the world on the role played by Small and Medium EnterprisesRead MoreTrade Openness and Economic Growth in Nigeria23422 Words   |  94 Pagesperiod of 1970 – 1985, import substitution industrialization (ISI) strategy was a dominant feature of trade policy in Nigeria. The trade policy was generally inward oriented. Under this ISI strategy, â€Å"Infant† manufacturing industries were protected using high tariffs, import quotas, and other trade restrictions like import licensing. Non-tariff barriers to trade such as import prohibitions were also utilized. During this period, trade policy was also adjusted in response to the exigencies of the balanceRead MoreAN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN THE MINING SECTOR IN NIGERIA15805 Words   |  64 Pagescontribution to dealing with the legacy of abandoned mines (Balkau and Parsons, 1999). It is from this foregoing th at the study is set to critically analyze the environmental impact of foreign drect investment in the mining industry in Nigeria. 1.1 Statement of the Problem The mining industry has traditionally been a major recipient of foreign direct investment in sub- Saharan Africa (Nigeria inclusive), and has commonly been an important foreign exchange earner for the region. Over the forty years

Future of Financial Advice

Questions: Task 1: The Future of Financial Advice legislation covered several component and areas of financial product advice, including the following key areas Acting in the best interest of the client Conflicted Remuneration Disclosure Task 2: As a final part of your assignment, you are expected to provide a critique forming your own views and conclusion of the FOFA reform a (including the recent changes). You need to discuss the impact (wether positive and or negative) of the FOFA reform on the following: Access to Advice Quality of advice Meeting the substance of acting in the best interest of the client? Answers: Task 1: Part one Background: FOFA In the year 2010, the ex- Australian minister of Minister for Financial Services has announced that the Government of Australia has launched a reform package known as Future of Financial Advice (Cygan, 2012.). The abbreviation of Future of Financial Advice is FOFA. The main function of FOFA is to develop the trust and the Australian traders confidence in the service of financial division. The Future of Financial Advice has ensured to the traders of Australia about the high quality advice in the financial divisions (Choudhry and Landuyt, 2010). The Future of Financial Advice works as per Australian Government, which retort to investigate into the Financial Products and Services in Australia. This reform is made in the year 2009 by the Joint Committee of Parliament on Corporations and Financial Services. The Future Financial Advice legislation covered several component and areas of financial product advice, which includes the following key areas: a) Acting in the best interest of the client b) Conflicted Remuneration c) Disclosure. Acting in the best interest of the client: It mainly provides advice and new ideas to their clients about their best interest act. They only provide the advice and demonstrate to their clients about their interest rate structures and also showing that how they had approved certain steps in demonstrating and counselling their clients (Fevurly, 2009.). The steps which that has been approved by the Future of Financial Advice for their clients acts as a protected port which cares about their clients best interest rate structures. To convince the steps for the secured port a counsellor must provide: 1) The objectives should be identified first, then the adviser look after the financial conditions of the client and then try to understand the needs of their clients which are demonstrated by the clients through some instructions. 2) The adviser should identify the clients subject matter which will help the adviser to give a better instruction to their clients. 3) Thirdly, the adviser should identify their clients objectives, then the adviser should look after the financial conditions of their client and then try to understand the needs of their clients pertinent situation (Kamen and Burg, 2010). 4) The adviser should relate all the information given by their clients and then the adviser should relate all the information given by the client to give a better quality advice to their client. If the adviser understand that the information given by their client is insufficient, the adviser should try to find out all the information and should give a better quality advice to their client. 5) After providing the advice to their client, the adviser should try to find out that the advice given by the adviser is interested by the client or not. If the advice is not interested by the client then try to find out the needs of the client to produce a better quality to the client (Maloney, 2008). 6) After gathering all the information from the client, the adviser should give a better quality advice to the client, so that the client gets satisfied after getting the advice from the adviser. 7) The adviser should give a better judgement to their client which can meet the satisfaction level of their clients. Providing Appropriate Advice After gathering all the information from the client and after understanding the appropriate needs of the client, the adviser should give an appropriate advice to the client (Ripoll, 2012). Conflicted Remuneration Another key area of the Future of Financial Advice is Conflicted Remuneration .The elements represents the conflicted remuneration are the reimbursement given by an Australian Financial Services Licensee. It is also known as AFSL (Allen and Dudney, 2010). It also represents the character of the reimbursement and can be logically influence the option of the financial product which is suggested by the adviser. When does this come into force? The arrangements of Conflicted Remuneration come into act in the year 30 June 2013. This act is mainly maintained by the Australian Government. It acts under the grandfathering regulation. And the person who became the clients with the Future of Financial Advice before the year 1st July 2014, they belong to the regulation of Grandfathering (Allen and Dudney, 2010). And the persons who became clients with the Future of Financial Advice after the year 1st July 2014, they are not belongs to the regulation of Grandfathering. The benefits of Conflicted Remuneration The conception of benefits is very broad and wide in conflicted remuneration. The benefit of conflicted remuneration includes both the financial and the non financial benefits. The types of benefits that come under the conflicted remuneration are: a) The financial product issuers pay some commissions. b) The financial product issuer pays some discounts in volume based matters. c) The adviser may get some bonus or some margins of profit, if it is volume based matter. d) For the advisers, they have some equity participation schemes. e) The adviser gets some reward like travel and amusement. Exceptions of Conflicted Remuneration There are plenty of exceptions in Conflicted Remuneration which includes: a) The financial product may be based on the product of general insurance, life insurance, or the product may be based on banking sector (Kramer, 2012). b) By issuing or by selling the financial product, the benefits are given. c) If the client is satisfied by the advice, the benefit is given to the adviser. d) According to the securities, stamping fees is needed. e) If it is a non financial product or less than the 300 AUD for the education purpose or for the training purpose, benefit is allocated. Disclosure Statement The disclosure statement of the Future of Financial Advice is mentioned in the following. The Future of Financial Advice was firstly launched in the year 2013. In the year 2013, the FDS that is the fee disclosure statements for the new clients and the old clients are almost same (Yellen, P. 2003.). When the client comes to the Future of Financial Advice for their advice, the adviser charges for their advice. The steps are given to prepare FDS: 1) Collate a list of all retail only clients The adviser must give Fee Disclosure Statement to the new clients as well as the old clients. The new clients of the Future of Financial Advice who have became the client after 13 July 2013 does not receive any fees arrangement by the adviser. But the clients who have became client with the Future of Financial Advice before 1st July 2013 receives fees arrangements from the adviser. 2) The clients who are not in the section of ongoing fee arrangement The arrangement of payment plan: a) The fees which should be paid by the client are fixed. And the arrangement of FDS is made by the adviser when the client enters into the deal. b) The clients can pay the fees in instalments in a fixed period of time. c) The client cannot neglect the fees structure under the arrangement of the Future of Financial Advice. 3) The FDS last date The fee disclosure statement should be handover to the client within the 30 days from the beginning of the date of disclosure. If 1st July is the disclosure date then the FDS can be handover to the recipients between the 1st July and 30th July (Kramer, M. 2008.). This brings more flexibility in the Fee Disclosure Statement. 4) Inform clients The fee disclosure statement should be submitted in written to the client by the adviser. This means the adviser can send the fee disclosure statement to the client through electronic mail and via by post. Task: Part 2 The impact of the Future of Financial Advice on the following:- a) Access to Advice b) Quality of Advice c) Meeting the substance of acting in the best interest of the client. Access to advice: The Future of Financial Advice has removed the legislation section 961B(2)(a). And instead of the previous section 961B(2)(a), they launched another legislative section 961B(2)(ba) (Gerrans, P. and Hershey, D. 2011.). Under the new legislative section, the Future of Financial Advice has given a new responsibility to the adviser. The adviser should examine the clients conditions which are appreciably reduced. The Future of Financial Advice should look into the matter that the clients of the Financial Advise Group are not getting the proper advice due to the underprivileged language skills and lack of financial knowledge. After gathering all the information from the client, the adviser should give a better quality advice to the client, so that the client gets satisfied after getting the advice from the adviser. The adviser should give a better judgement to their client which can meet the satisfaction level of their clients. Quality of Advice: Firstly, the adviser should try to understand the clients need and then the adviser should look after the financial conditions of the client. If the client wants to take enough risk, then the adviser should advice the client in a different method. If the client do not wants to take enough risk, then the adviser should demonstrate the client in different way (Gerrans, P. and Hershey, D. 2011.).. That is why the adviser should understand the clients requirement first and then demonstrate the matter and give advice to the client. After providing the advice to their client, the adviser should try to find out that the advice given by the adviser is interested by the client or not. If the advice is not interested by the client then try to find out the needs of the client to produce a better quality to the client. Meeting the substance of acting in the best interest of the client: The projected law makes the situation broad and wide for the client of the Future of Financial Advice, where the representative or the worker of an Authorised Deposit taking Institution can contact with the clients by reducing the interest rates for the individual advice. The individual advice can be demonstrated on the basis of the product of general insurance, the product of life insurance and also in the financial product produced by the banking sector (Gerrans, P. and Hershey, D. 2011.). This is mainly relating with the Consumer Credit Insurance product also known as CCI product. In Consumer Credit Insurance it has been reflected that there is many constant and mis-selling. The Future of Financial Advice has to take care of it. The objectives should be identified first, then the adviser look after the financial conditions of the client and then try to understand the needs of their clients which are demonstrated by the clients through some instructions. References: Carstensen, L. (2009). A long bright future. New York: Broadway Books. Choudhry, M. and Landuyt, G. (2010). The future of finance. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley. Cygan, D. (2012.). The joy of financial security. Fevurly, K. (2010.). Plan your financial future. Kamen, K. and Burg, D. (2010). Reclaim your nest egg. Hoboken, N.J.: Bloomberg Press. Maloney, M. (2008). Guide to investing in gold and silver. New York: Business Plus. Ripoll, B. (2012). Corporations Amendment (Future of Financial Advice) Bill 2011 and Corporations Amendment (Further Future of Financial Advice Measures) Bill 2011. Canberra: Senate Printing Unit. Yellen, P. (2003.). The bank on yourself revolution. Allen, A. and Dudney, D. (2010). Does the Quality of Financial Advice Affect Prices?. Financial Review, 45(2), pp.387-414. Kramer, M. (2012). Financial Advice and Individual Investor Portfolio Performance. Financial Management, 41(2), pp.395-428. Calcagno, R. and Monticone, C. (2008.). Financial Literacy and the Demand for Financial Advice. SSRN Journal. . Gerrans, P. and Hershey, D. (2010.). Financial Adviser Anxiety, Financial Literacy and Financial Advice Seeking. SSRN Journal. Gerrans, P. and Hershey, D. (2011.). Financial Literacy and Financial Advice Seeking in an Ageing Australia. SSRN Journal. Kramer, M. (2008.). Financial Literacy, Cognitive Ability and Financial Advice-Seeking. SSRN Journal.

Marketing Research and Marketing Assignment

Executive Summary The traffic village website will provide information on the real village that is still under construction. The traffic village is a project of the Abu Dhabi Police. We conducted a market survey and found that parents are in favour of the traffic village. They are in agreement with the major objective of the village, which is to train children aged between 3 and 12 years on responsible driving. We will use a penetration pricing strategy to increase our market share.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing Research and Marketing Assignment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All marketing initiatives associated with the website will be free of charge, with the exception of buying Facebook advertisements, which will cost us 2.5 USD per day. The cost per customer for the first year will be 7.6 USD. In the first year, we will allocate 28.88% of our profits to marketing campaigns. We will virtualise a ll our storage facilities and servers to reduce on energy consumption. Objectives of the Research The intended objective of the Traffic Village site is to disseminate information about the real village to people of all ages and from all places. The major objective of the site is to provide information on traffic rules and regulation to the new generation of Abu Dhabi residents and future drivers. The target population are the children aged between 3 and 12 years. The website will provide information aimed at promoting road safety interactive activities between children and their parents. It will also contain such learning tools as educational videos, stories, and games. The educational tools are targeted at children within the abovementioned age bracket. Market Survey According to Puleston (2011), market surveys are important in the promotion of any product or service in the market. The surveys are used to determine the perceptions, preferences, tastes, fashions, and feelings of cus tomers in the target market. Companies use the findings from a market survey to design their products and services before introducing them in the market. There are several strategies through which surveys are conducted. They are conducted through emails, over the phone, online, or in person. To determine the effectiveness of the Traffic Village and the website we are designing, we conducted a survey in Abu Dhabi, which is the target market. The survey used a total of 15 informants. All the informants were parents in the city. The main aim of the survey was to ascertain the opinions of the parents with regard to the state of road safety in the city. The survey was also aimed at determining whether or not the parents support the initiative of training young children on the need for road safety. The questionnaire used in the survey was divided into two parts, part A and part B. The first part was used to gather information on general knowledge about driving among parents. The second se ction of the questionnaire was used to determine the age at which parents feel that children should begin driving. The set of questions that were used in the survey are shown in appendix 1.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research Findings The findings made in the study are presented below for each of the two sections: General Information on Driving Question 1: Do you drive a car? Thirteen of the respondents indicated that they drive a car, while two do not drive. Cars are, therefore, an important means of transport in Abu Dhabi. Question 2: Are you aware of the police ‘Black Point System Rules’? Four respondents knew what â€Å"Black Point System Rules† were, while the rest did not know. To this end, it is concluded that there is widespread ignorance with regard to police traffic rules and road safety in the city. Question 3: Have you ever experienced a car accident while driving? All the respondents had experienced an accident at some time in the past as they were driving. Some of them sustained major injuries from the accidents, while others escaped unscathed. The rate of automobile accidents in the city is high.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing Research and Marketing Assignment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Question 4: Do you agree that accidents occur because drivers are careless? 75% of the respondents pointed out that careless driving is a major cause of automobile accidents. Question 5: Are you in favour of stringent penalties and fines for violation of driving rules? 95% of the parents agreed that there is need for stringent driving rules in Abu Dhabi. Question 6: Do you agree that driving skills should be learnt at a tender age? Fourteen out of the 15 informants agreed that it is necessary to teach children how to drive safely. Question 7 : Would you like to enrol your children in a driving school at a young age?Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fourteen parents agreed that children should join a driving school at a young age. Question 8: Do you agree that it is better to learn driving at a young age than at old age? 14 out of 15 parents agreed that it is not wise to delay driving lessons until adulthood. The findings of this marketing survey are very crucial to the traffic village. The findings point out that parents agree on the need for a traffic village, which aims at teaching children how to drive safely and responsibly at a young age. The findings are summarised in the figure below: Figure 1:  Results for Part A: General Information on Driving Appropriate Age for Driving Concerning the right age to begin driving, six parents were in favour of 3 to 5 years age bracket, while four felt that 6 to 8 years was the appropriate age to begin driving lessons. The findings are summarised below: Figure 2:  Results for Part B: Appropriate Age for Driving Business Definition The traffic village website is the tool that wil l be used to represent an online presence for the Abu Dhabi traffic village, which is being created by the city’s police department. By coming up with the village, the police department aims at reducing the number of caused by avoidable road accidents in the United Arab Emirates. A case in point is the number of accidents reported in 2011 in the emirates. A total of 6,700 road accidents were reported during this period. 2,280 of these accidents were recorded in Abu Dhabi, claiming 334 lives. In the same year, the road violations in Abu Dhabi accounted for 46.4 per cent of all road violations in the country. In light of this sad reality, there is need to put in place effective programs that aimed at bringing back sanity on the roads. The traffic village’s website will introduce the traffic village that the Abu Dhabi Police are putting in place. The website will become the major tool of communication in the village. The site will sell and promote the village’s str ategy and disseminate safety information to the public. The site will be very useful in launching the village, especially for those who may not have the opportunity to attend the launch in person. It will provide everyone with the information they are interested in concerning the traffic village. The target geographical market for the site is Abu Dhabi and its districts. Our main competitor is Kidzania in Dubai. Kidzania is a series of entertainment joints targeted at city families. The centres are currently located in 11 cities. The facilities in these centres allow children aged between 4 and 16 years to actively participate in a hypothetical adult world. The children participate in this hypothetical world by working and earning Kidzo currency. Each Kidzania is designed like a real city with buildings, theatres, shops, and vehicles. The main themes in Kidzania include entertainment and role playing, while the main theme of the traffic village is road safety (Kidzania, 2012). The m ain competitor analysed above is a chain of Mexican entertainment centres with branches all over the world. However, the traffic village is an inherently Abu Dhabi project that aims at promoting road safety and responsibility in the city. The traffic village’s website is mainly concerned with training kids on how to use safety tools and kits. It also trains them on how they should respond in case of accidents or incidents on the road, at home, in malls, and in school. The major aim and theme of Kidzania is to train and prepare children for adulthood through entertainment and role-playing. On the other hand, our aim is to teach kids how to live safely, now and in the future. Because of the theme difference between the two concepts, Kidzania customers will have much to learn from the traffic village. In the future, the traffic village will become more competitive by working in collaboration with other partners who share the same objective. Such partners include, among others, c hildren television channels, the Ministry of Health, and the Roads and Transport Authority. The website will ensure that all the activities carried out in the village and by the partners are easily accessed by interested parties. At the beginning, all the services offered by the website will be free of charge. After the launch of the real village, however, sources of income will include subscriptions, online ticketing, membership charges, and newsletter fees. Currently, Kidzonia partners with such organisations as banks, restaurant, hospitals, and airlines. The centre relies more on one-day ticketing. The traffic village’s pricing website will aim at encouraging repeat visits by reducing the costs for subsequent visits and lowering the prices for the customers who stay for long in the site. The promotional techniques between Kidzania and the traffic village are almost similar. We will promote the village through social media, mainly from the website. The social sites that wil l be used include YouTube, Twitter, and Facebook. We will also promote the village through city tours and school visits. Currently, Kidzania is using all the above-mentioned methods apart from the school visits. Customer Profile As aforementioned, the traffic village website will target children aged between 3 and 12 years. The children will be the site’s major customers. However, it is expected that most of these children will be brought to the traffic village by their parents. Furthermore, in spite of the fact that the website is aimed at drawing the attention of the children, young adults and parents are the most likely people to use the internet. In this regard, we expect that parents will access the information online and bring their children to the village. However, to directly bring the information to our target customers, we will use a number of alternative initiatives. Most of the children falling within the age bracket mentioned above attend madrasas in the city. As such, we will collaborate with religious leaders and madrasa teachers to inform them about the website and about the village. We will also reach out to children from all the elementary schools in Abu Dhabi. In the schools, we will work together with teachers in classes. The children will be trained on how to use the internet and the social media, as well as receive training on general road safety. We will consult the city Municipality to allow us inform children and the general public of the traffic village and website at various recreation parks and gardens. The first on the program is the Al Mushrif Children’s Garden, which is located in Al Mushrif District, opposite the UAE National Theatre. Other parks that will be included in our program include the Capital Gardens, Al Nahyan Garden, the Khalidiya Garden, Khalifa Park, and the Al Khaldiah Kids Park. We will also place advertisements on national televisions. We will try and make sure that the adverts are aired during Sat urday morning kids’ shows and in the evenings during meals. The message communicated through the traffic village is very unique. The unique nature of the message is the main reason why we expect the traffic village’s website to be received positively by the clients. There are other organisations in Abu Dhabi working hard to reduce the number of road accidents in the city. A good example is the concerted effort between the Abu Dhabi Traffic Department, Ministry of Interior, the Emirates Traffic Society, and the Abu Dhabi Police Department. The organisations have come together to increase public awareness with regard to the need for road safety. However, such conventional campaigns have not taken advantage of the growing online community in Abu Dhabi. The traffic village’s website has a unique opportunity of using the growing interest in technology in the city to teach children the need for road safety. After the traffic village and the website are launched, we wi ll conduct market surveys after every six months to determine how the market is responding to the service. The periodic market surveys will also help the management to identify customer needs that are not met by the village and the website. At the end of every survey, our technical team will implement changes on the site to ensure that it reflects the needs of children in the city. In efforts to continually improve the site, we will ensure that the information presented there remains current and up-to-date. We will also make sure that the site is always informative and entertaining to the target market. To remain effective and relevant in the market, we will avoid posting information about the village only. Efforts will be made to expand the scope of the information presented there. We will continue gathering information about the entire industry and beyond so that the children and adults visiting the site will have a reason to come back. In addition to reaching out to children in e lementary school and in high school, we will have a section on the website aimed at ensuring that the road safety message remains fresh in the minds of adults. Such information is important because the needs and learning processes between adults and children are quite different. Furthermore, keeping adults informed about road safety statistics and other such information ensures they are in a better position to mentor and teach their young ones the need for road safety and responsibility Marketing Objectives and Strategies In this section, we will provide information touching on the marketing objectives and strategies we have adopted. The 4Ps analysis will be provided in this section. The 4Ps Analysis of the Website and the Village Product The current system, which is dubbed â€Å"My First License – I Know My Road Rules† is facing a number of challenges. One of the challenges is that it has a limited capability to create awareness on the need for safe driving. The new w ebsite will be designed to bring together all the information touching on driving and safety on an easy-to-use interface. In the plan, the website may appear to be a different project from the traffic village. However, it is important to note that the site is simply an online extension of the real village. The â€Å"virtual† traffic village will be a media centre that champions the objectives of the Abu Dhabi Police Department. The objective of the department is to enhance safety on the city’s roads through the development of a â€Å"real† traffic village. When the plan was being drafted, the Abu Dhabi Police Department was not aware of the creation of the website. The site will provide a social media interaction platform where information from both the developers and the consumers will be collected and shared. The information will be tailored to the needs of the city’s residents. By the time the traffic village is launched, the site will contain 4 to 5 p ages. Price As already indicated in this marketing plan, the services offered through the website will be free before the launch of the traffic village. However, we will make efforts to generate income from the site after the village is launched. We will use a penetration pricing strategy. According to Ellickson, Misra Nair (2012), a penetration pricing strategy sets prices below the average level in the market. The aim is to help the new product or service gain acceptance from consumers. As the site gains ground in the market, the prices of the services and products will slowly be increased to attain the current market price. We will use the strategy given that our major aim is not pursuit of immediate returns. On the contrary, our aim is to increase sales volumes and our market share. We expect that by using the strategy, we will enhance the speed of the adoption and diffusion of our products and services, which will culminate in fast market penetration. By using this approach, w e will deny our competitors the chance to respond in real-time. It is also expected that by using such a strategy, it will be possible to create goodwill among early adopters, who will spread the information further in the market. The strategy will also enhance our efficiency given that from the beginning, we will be able to effectively address the issue of cost reduction and cost control pressures. It will be an important competition barrier that will keep new entrants at bay. As the site becomes progressively commercialised, we expect to achieve a favourable stock turnover. The favourable stock turnover will go a long way in supporting the value chain. The main challenge in using the penetration pricing strategy is that it is quite hard to increase prices later on (Ellickson et al., 2012). However, we will focus on progressively adding value to the product before increasing the prices. Promotion We will use various avenues to promote the virtual traffic village. One of the main st rategies we will adopt is the use of social network advertising channels. Social networking will make it possible for us to exploit consumer demographics in the creation of our adverts. To begin with, we will use indirect advertising by creating an official Facebook page and a YouTube channel. We will also have a Twitter account. The next step will be direct advertising on Facebook. At this juncture, we will start purchasing adverts. The direct approach will allow us to target our information to the residents of Abu Dhabi. The use of paid media on Facebook will also enable us to determine the exact message we want to convey to our target market. In addition, purchasing Facebook adverts will help us to determine the social graphs of our fans on Facebook. We will exploit the network of friends on Facebook and other social sites to promote our product. For example, after providing incentive information to our fans, we expect them to share it with their friends on Facebook, Twitter, and other social networking sites. We will also post our articles in various article directories, such as www.EzineArticles.com, www.ValuableContent.com, www.GoArticles.com, www.Article99.com, www.eHow.com, www.ArticleDashBoard.com, and www.EasyArticles.com. Because we are working on a penetration pricing strategy and our costs have to be as low as possible, we will also use free online classifieds to reach out to our target market. The main online classified that will be used in the promotion campaign is www.craiglist.com. We will also use search engine optimization (SEO) to draw traffic from consumers searching the web on Google, MSN, and Yahoo. Place As already mentioned in this paper, the real village is situated in Abu Dhabi. The website is a representation of the traffic village. Consumers will be able to access the site from any place in the world and at any time of the day. The suggested official website will be www.thetrafficvillage.com. The site will be fully integrated and e asy to navigate given that the target audience is children aged between 3 and 12 years. The shopping cart will be located one click from the homepage and two clicks from our blog. The process of checking out after making a purchase will also be simplified because there will be an attendant ready to assist anyone who is making a purchase at any given time. The attendant will be trained on how to address the needs of experienced shoppers, as well as those of shoppers without online shopping experience. The aim of this is to make sure that all potential shoppers, regardless of their level of experience, feel appreciated and needed in the site. Many e-commerce customers end up not making a purchase because they cannot find what they are looking for. The site will be designed to accommodate those customers with a wide experience in online shopping and those who have never interacted with an e-commerce site. To enhance the visibility of all the products and services offered at the site, w e will ensure that all the photos and videos posted on the site are of high quality. It is noted that the quality of the videos and pictures posted on a given site determines how consumers rate that particular site. For example, a site with grainy pictures and low resolution videos is not rated highly. On the other hand, consumers are attracted to sites with high quality videos and pictures, which are more stimulating (visually) than poor quality media. We will make efforts to ensure that consumers regard us highly by using high quality videos and pictures. However, it is important to note that high quality videos may be too heavy to use on such websites. As such, they will require high speed internet, which the customer may be unable to access. Marketing Objectives, Marketing Strategies, and the Budget There are five requirements that should be met in launching the traffic village’s site. All the requirements call for a small initial financial outlay. The resources needed in clude a computer (available), a technical expert (available), research work (requires time), consultation (available), and design (intellectual capital). However, marketing the site, as well as the products and services offered at the real traffic village, will cost money. Nonetheless, the modes of promotion that we have opted for in marketing the site are relatively inexpensive. For instance, opening and running a Facebook page is free. The same goes for the opening and running of a Twitter account and a YouTube channel. Posting articles on article directories and on craiglist.com is also free. We will come up with our own articles to use in Search Engine Optimization. However, we will have to incur the cost of purchasing a domain name, web hosting, and direct Facebook advertising, where we are required to buy adverts. There are two ways to advertise on Facebook. The first one is referred to as CPM, which stands for Cost Per 1000 Impressions. The second one is CPC, which refers to Cost Per Click. Different marketers prefer different strategies for a number of reasons. The major considerations made in selecting the strategy to use include, among others, the costs associated with the strategy, the nature of the marketing campaign, the target audience, as well as the major objective of the marketing campaign. For example, the needs of a promotion campaign for beauty soap are different from the needs of a book advert. Out of the two strategies analysed above, most marketers prefer the second one, which is CPC. The major reason why it is preferred over CPM is that it is relatively cheap. CPM is used for the purpose of increasing brand awareness, but our objective in marketing is to achieve conversions, leads, and sales. As such, we will use CPC. It will be appropriate because we will only pay for the number of clicks on the website and our corresponding Facebook page. Facebook allows for advertisers to choose how much they want to spend each day, the minimum being 1 USD. We will advertise on Facebook at a cost of 2.5 USD each day. The cost of advertising will be 912 USD per year. It is important to bear in mind that we may not achieve voluminous sales in the first year. As such, the cost of advertising on Facebook is reasonable. In the first year, we expect to achieve sales of at least 4,200 USD from 120 customers. In this regard, the estimated cost per customer will be 7.6 USD. The cost is expected to drop to 3.8 USD in the second year as the number of customers increase. In the first year, 28.88% of the profits will be allocated to marketing. The budget for the first year is presented in appendix 2. Environmental Effect The department consuming more energy than others in a given organisation is facilities and information communication. The virtual village will be based online. According to an article posted on CNN.com by Farrah (2009), each search on Google releases an average of 20milligrams of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Download ing media, which includes such activities as listening to online radio, streaming videos, and chatting with friends, have a direct impact on energy consumption. Every search on the internet engages an energy consuming server. To address this challenge, we will virtualise all our servers and storage systems to cut our energy consumption by half. Implementation Timeline The table on appendix 3 illustrates how the project will be implemented. It is a Gantt chart showing the expected activities and their timeframe. References Ellickson, P., Misra, S., Nair, H. (2012). Repositioning dynamics and pricing strategy. Journal of Marketing Research (JMR), 49(6), 750-772. doi:10.1509/jmr.11.0068. Farrah, L. (2009). Greening the internet: How much CO2 does this article produce? Retrieved from http://edition.cnn.com/2009/TECH/science/07/10/green.internet.CO2/ Kidzania, (2012). What is Kidzania. Retrieved from https://dubai.kidzania.com/en-ae/pages/what-is-kidzania Puleston, J. (2011). Improving online surveys. International Journal of Market Research, 53(4), 557-560. doi:10.2501/IJMR-53-4-557-562. This report on Marketing Research and Marketing Assignment was written and submitted by user Ben Reilly to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Ferrero Rocher Essay Essay Example

Ferrero Rocher Essay Essay Example Ferrero Rocher Essay Essay Ferrero Rocher Essay Essay Ferrero Rocher is the 1 of the transnational corporation in the universe via the merchandise: Ferrero Rocher that is sort of the cocoa and the it has a luxury perceptual experience to the client who have some of ground that are monetary value. packaging. and etc. As it is a FMCG ( Fast Move Corporation Goods ) in Malaysia. its sale part has non been attracted in consumers’ behaviour in buying consideration. Duo to of shown jobs. Ferrero Rocher has changed as a newness or advanced bite that will be strong competitory nutrient in eating wont whereby. the witting or prospective consumers can choose Ferrero Rocher. From the beginning to the terminal in its ain execution. Ferrero Rocher is able to be more attractive goods with the reclamation image to the people and so the company will be successful by the basking the great gross in nutrient channel as good. Ferrero Rocher cocoa will be distributed by the redevelopment about most constructs and powerful diffusion in footings of the trade name itself over the universe. : Introduction Ferrero Rocher is a ain trade name name with a household history: Michele Ferrero is the laminitis and the leader in the corporation with his relations who have contributed to the success in the nutrient industry in Italy. Ferrero Rocher is one of the celebrated chocolatier nutrient houses internationally. since it was opened in Italy by Ferrero SpA since 1982. Ferrero Rocher has his ain name as a trade name and it has been bring forthing many types of cocoas with different spirits ; every bit good as diversified cocoas have been made by the company for strategic grounds. For illustration. the chief constituents of the cocoa is based in roasted hazelnut frame into the thin wafer by consolidation with hazelnut pick. milk cocoa and hazelnuts. Each of the merchandises: Ferrero Rocher has a particular covering that is unambiguously shaped with a gold-colored packaging that states the ingredients with the 73 Calories. The house has been executing good all-over the universe with strong distributions. It is involved in many societal activities and duties: like giving contributions. environmental contemplation. and moral concern. Ferrero Rocher has its missions that are: high quality value with good ingredients and freshness into all its merchandises. Furthermore. the company tries its best in pass oning with the clients and keeping their trueness. In planetary nutrient disposal of Ferrero Rocher. its public presentation. and launching is regarded as weaker in Malaysia than in other states ( Ferrero. com. 2009 ) Business ambiance There is PEST ( Political. Economic. Social. and Technology ) analysis about Ferrero Rocher in Malaysia. It is critical to analyse the sectors like Political. Economic. Social. and Technology in order to be more seeable to follow the factors for success. The undermentioned theories have been taken as Ferrero Rocher’s public presentation in Malaysia. 1. Political Ferrero Rocher Chocolate is an imported merchandise by an Italian company that is Ferrero SpA and so there are legalities in trading concern by Malaysia between Malaysia and Italy. The intent is to protect the local nutrient industries: commanding all imported goods so as to profit the Malayan concerns. Any new type of imported bite. like those of chocolate beginning. introduced in Malaysia will hold a negative impact on the local market. therefore a demand for legal controls. Ferrero Rocher will besides hold to subject to these Torahs. In other words. the imported goods are monitored so as to guarantee measure. quality. and equity. The chief intent of the jurisprudence is to profit both states: Malaysia A ; Italy and in the procedure profiting Ferrero Rocher’ cocoa in Malaysia. In add-on to that. faith is another political factor to be considered by Ferrero Rocher. For case. the Halal logo on the screen or box gives confidence to the Muslim consumers that Ferrero Rocher is consumable by them without bias. Presently health care is considered to be another political factor. particularly its negative effects like weight addition. tooth decay relating to chocolate. Thus the Malayan authorities is supervising the quality of these nutrients. including Ferrero Rocher ( Ferrero. com. 2009 ) . 2. Economic The aim of all concern is to maximise net incomes by minimising the costs. therefore the demand for sophisticated machineries. efficient labor. low rental etc. Tax and involvement rates are an of import constituent of costs. and they are indispensable. The economic growing factor is of import to monetary value repair and to pull off the administrative costs. The income degree of the bulk of the consumers will be considered for the selling scheme to advance this cocoa as an low-cost and proper bite in Malaysia. In term of employment Ferrero Rocher employs a batch of Malaysians and besides use a batch of the land for set uping their mill therefore enabling better use of the domestic resources. This will lend towards bettering the Gross Domestic Product of the state. World Economic status will be affair of B to B like exchange rate between the two states. Since the economic growing and the exchange rate of both the states are different. the company has to monetary value the cocoas in Ma laysia that is good to the company and the counties concerned ( Ferrero. com. 2009 ) . 3. Social Malaysian’s eating wonts vary between the different races. civilizations and beliefs. The purchase of bites varies with the spirits. every bit good as the retail mercantile establishments: nutrient tribunal. supermarket. convenient shops etc. Ferrero Rocher’s merchandises offer high quality in epicurean designs: value for money. Religion. an of import factor to be considered. The Muslims are really concern about ‘halal’ labels ; as it gives them confidence that the nutrient is fit to be consumed without spiritual bias. Ferrero Rocher demand to see this affair. Health is besides another issue in Malaysia where weight and dental decay is a concern particularly the ingestion of cocoa merchandises. Therefore Ferrero Rocher demand to be cautious about this excessively. Damage to environment by the disposal of waste stuff is besides a concern of the authorities. Ferrerp Ropcher demand to wrap and box the cocoas in reclaimable boxes that are non normally disposed of after the cocoa has been consumed. This will assist protect the environment ( Ferrero. com. 2009 ) . 4. Technology As it is an international merchandise. many mills have been established in Malaysia. It is the good belongings for Malaysia because assortment of bites can be produced appears in larger countries in Malaysia. However. it needs expects to do or pull off all processing in working topographic point. Worldwide distribution will hold demand of local work force to do amp ; manage for localisation their concern. Furthermore. skilled employees increase and other engineering can be improved by passing down the techniques by transmittal from Italy to Malaysia ( Ferrero. com. 2009 ) SWOT Analysis 1. Strengths Ferrero Rocher’s cocoa is advertised and demonstrated as a high quality merchandise and it has besides been considered the perceptual experience of the consumers. It has besides been characterized to hold it ain singularity in the market. It is made in Italy’s engineering and by manus by their local work-force in Malaysia. The cocoa has been considered to be wholly different as perceived by the consumers. It has besides made a part to the list of cocoas in the market. making more picks for the consumers. 2. Failing There are some rigorous regulations to adhere in Malaysia as it is an imported nutrient point from Italy. The monetary value is on the high side and it is supported by the quality image: the gold wadding. The ‘high’ image and the high monetary value may non promote the mean income consumer to see Ferrero Rocher. The monetary value makes a large proportion of their disposable income and that is a detering point to see. 3. Opportunity Ferrero Rocher attracts new consumers via their new and tasty spirits that is considered a forte. As a consequence the possible consumers who want new and alone gustatory sensations would see this cocoa: a alteration in consumers’ gustatory sensations is noted in Malaysia. and that is an chance that Ferrero Rocher should see for it enlargement plan in the hereafter in Malaysia. 4. Menaces In Malaysia the criterion of life is non unvarying. hence there are rich and hapless people. The low and in-between income group does non habitually eat cocoas. The parents who are concerned about their children’s feeding. particularly nutrient that put on weight. may deflect the kids to other bites. Ferrero Rocher has been confronting much competition in imparting their cocoa in the local and international market. [ Appendix 1 ] Market Analysis 1. Rival Ferrero Rocher’s cocoa merchandises considered as a delicacy bite has many competition from companies like. Hershey. Toblerone and Cadburys. The competition is with Cadbury’s new cocoa called Dairy Milk ; and Cadbury is besides a big transnational company. holding mills in France. Poland. UK etc. They offer many types of nutrient. like Bars. Cakes A ; Biscuits and Boxes. Bag A ; Tin. Drinks. and Ice pick A ; Desserts. Cadbury focuses on internal program. more nutrition cocoa. and many diversified merchandises. in order to accomplish net incomes and to last in a competitory market. Toblerone is besides an international company that has cocoa saloon including Nugget. Almonds. and Honey. and is a rival to Ferrero Rocher. It is following Schott’s Food A ; Drink Miscellany: standard method in nutrient and merger in unifying different kind of nutrient. The company’s strengths are the design on the screen that appears to portray a criterion in size. constituents and that it is cheap. The point to observe is that Ferrero Rocher has many rivals and a weak distribution channel. The merchandises like Dove. Milo and Whole Roast Almond are considered as prospective cocoas deluging the market. Dove is a new trade name offered by Mars Company. They have come with caramel. cocoa saloon and cookies as their chief merchandises. but they lack market consciousness. Milo. another trade name created by Nestle. who is besides a transnational. It offers drinks. breakfast cereals. cocoa saloon etc. The Whole Roast Almond owned by household concern with a ‘Dutch Press’ and uses alkalic salt to heighten the quality of their cocoas. but they have a weak nutrient channel and distribution methods. [ Appendix 2 ] 2. Consumers There are many types of bites with cocoa spirit. in the nutrient industry: Ferrero Rocher cocoa. Dairy Milk and Hershey. These are international trade names that are easy available in Malaysia and are received good by the Malaysians. There is plentifulness of pick for the consumers. The Ferrero Rocher cocoa consumers are divided into Gender. Age. Lifestyle and Income groups. The female population has a higher inclination to purchase Ferrero Rocher as the cocoa is wrapped in gold and has a soft crunch indoors. The immature population who is made up of 13. 7 % between the age of 15-19 and 13. 1 % between the age of 20-24. in 2011. are researching new gustatory sensations and seem to prefer Ferrero Rocher as they are developing a wont for sweet nutrient. As for the income group the skilled and the high income group can afford to buy Ferrero Rocher since they have a high disbursement power. The skilled and semi skilled people shows that 25 % are the possible consumers of this cocoa. Development schemes There are two selling schemes to better its sale’s place and this has to see both the consumer A ; Ferrero Rocher Company. First it has to shift the image of the merchandises perceptual experience by the possible consumers ; who are presuming that the cocoa is non for the normal income group. Effective communicating should assist win the consumers bosom and to keep their trueness. The monetary value is another scheme that the company demand to see. They need to see the costs associating to processing processs. and this could deviate the possible consumers from other competitory trade names and set Ferrero Rocher as the leader in the nutrient channel ( Ferrero. com. 2009 ) . [ Appendix 3 ] Segmentation A ; Targeting There are some ways to section wholly people by categorising them by their common 8nterests or characteristics. As referred to in the Appendix. The Malaysians can be separated into three chief groups: the Malay who make up 50. 4 % . Chinese 23. 7 % . autochthonal 11 % . while the Indians make up 7. 1 % and other 7. 8 % . with the entire population of 28. 7 million. Since the Malayans make up the bulk in the market. therefore the focal point has to be on them. They are the strategic group. Besides that the age is besides a factor for cleavage. Those in the age group of 15 to 24 old ages make up of more than 50 % of the entire population. They can besides be catogarise into income group: high income group. meddle income group and low income group. Another manner to sort is by profession. that is the pupil. the skilled. the semi-skilled and the professionals. The immature. the high and in-between income group. the skilled. and semi-skilled. and the pupils are the population who would be able and willing to purchase Ferrero Rocher. Positioning The procedure of cleavage of the population is of import to aim and to implement the right attack to acquire the group to purchase Ferrero Rocher. The cleavage helps to distinguish Ferrero Rocher from the other trade names of cocoas. in relation to the quality and the benefits that can be derived from these cocoas. It will besides enable the company to aim the gross revenues schemes in a manner to acquire the consumers to purchase their cocoa or switch off from other trade names to Ferrero Rocher as satisfaction from the bite can be assured. Aims with 4P’s: Merchandise. Place. Price. and Promotion 1. Fiscal Presently Ferrero Rocher has been sacking a gross revenues of 6. 6 billion Euros and accomplishing more than 4. 3 per centum of net sale growing as comparison to old twelvemonth. The group employs more than 20000 employees and is puting 383 million Euros ; to increasing its capacity. The investing is about 5 % of the net gross revenues figures. The Group is invariably puting in invention. research. and development and has. in peculiar. late been concentrating on energy-efficient installings in its workss. The fiscal aims are divided into two: to increase its capacity and to consolidate its investings and it may be equated to 13 % of the net gross revenues in 2013 ( Ferrero. com. 2009 ) . To increase the value of the cocoas to the consumers an effectual program is required. Therefore the pricing harmonizing to the packaging is important. For illustration the 16 pieces battalion is RM 16. 88 and that is about RM 1. 06 per piece. while the 24 pieces battalion is RM29. 88 and it is about RM 1. 25 per piece. ‘Penetration monetary value strategy’ can be used as a new program to capture the market. If the monetary value can be decreased from RM16. 88 to RM15. 88 for the 16 pieces battalion can be low-cost by the consumers. although this might be followed by a monetary value war. Monetary value is the strongest ground that motivates consumers and as an illustration. the discounted monetary value has been successful in pulling clients in Starbuck. in Malaysia. In add-on. the manner the cocoas are supplied to the clients is by avoiding the mediators like the jobber. retail merchant. agents etc. This attack will assist minimise the costs. from the upstream to the downstream. This will enable the company to salvage costs and that means more net incomes can be earned. The one external channel is the retail merchants who will be responsible to assist present the cocoas to the clients. The clients can acquire the cocoas straight from these mercantile establishments. 2. Selling As a cognitive major issue is the â€Å"customers† in the selling scheme: the scheme is to be fit the consumers in footings of quality: represented by presentation. freshness. wellness factors etc and these are of import to acquire customers’ trueness. The company could expose more of its cocoa on the shelves of the urban shops. This could entice the clients towards Ferrero Rocher. They could besides concentrate on the strength of merchandise betterment like let go ofing new and less thermal cocoas. by the terminal of 2012 ( Ferrero. com. 2009 ) . Ferrero Rocher can make many spirits of cocoas and in many combinations: with existent fruits. When the cocoa is bitten one can acquire the crunchy sound while the interior is soft. The fruits give a sensational feeling to the clients. These assortments of gustatory sensations should lure the costumiers to switch to Ferrero Rocher and see it to be their favourite pick. There are two big hyper markets in Malaya: the TESCO A ; JUSCO. They display the cocoas. over the old ages. in 32 mercantile establishments ( as for TESCO ) and 21 mercantile establishments ( as for JUSCO ) . It is besides displayed in the local college like TAYLOR’s and INTI in their cafeteria to provide for the pupils. and that has enhanced gross revenues. The cocoas have besides been launched in some of the celebrated cafe like Starbuck in Malaysia. which has more than 150 mercantile establishments ( Starbuck. com. 2009 ) On the packaging. to pull the clients a mascot has been created as an extra personality. on the surface of the cocoas. This particularly focused to pull the kids who strongly patronize the cocoas. This will besides prolong it luxury mentality and develop consumer’s trueness. Ferrero Rocher approaches its client in many ways. and they take advantage by advancing the cocoas during the Valentine’s Day and Christmas Day. It is really reasonable to sell them during these occasions as the consumers will be seeking something of the best for themselves or to be given as gifts. Therefore aggressive advertizement during these periods is important ( Mooney L. . 1997 ) Making a romantic narrative with Ferrero Rocher has besides created success as it is a strong promotional tool. For illustration the proposal by a adult male to a lady. with Ferrero Rocher. makes it seem like a fairy narrative that the people want to copy. The cocoa has besides been used as a corsage in nuptialss. and that will convey felicity to the bride. This narrative has created a new civilization and that is good for the concern. and these actions have benefited both the Corporation and the consumers ( NAIR V. 2012 ) 3. Social The company is besides concern about the â€Å"Green Business† . and this is done by suiting the recycling of the cover paper or waste and to open. more mills to recycle. By 2012 it intends to increase recycling by 30 % . They intend to cut down disbursement on H2O by 30 % and besides cut down the CO2 emitted into the environment ( Ferrero. com. 2009 ) . The company has besides been concerned about the environment. It uses recycled documents in their concern. They are traveling green. This has earned them a contributing relationship with the authorities. This action of utilizing recycled documents has aid cut down their disbursals. ( HUONG T. 2011 ) An event with the Ferrero Rocher is another types of societal promotional issue that is highlighted to the many of consumers about the merchandises in peculiar state of affairs. Likewise. some competitions has besides similar aim by the strong protagonists or sponsorships. For illustration. an award to the victor will be publicizing automatically Ferrero Rocher. In other word. the company offer societal activities that make the consumers to bask with the merchandises. Internal Marketing A ; Customer Service It is of import that the employees have a good instruction and cognition. This will assist them to be efficient in their work. and that would profit the company. They will besides understand the premier aim of the company: the advantage and disadvantages associating to wellness. quality of the merchandise. the industry. the information associating to transport. the trade name publicities and besides communications will be effectual. All this will heighten a healthy relationship between the staff and the company. Budgeting In 50 billion budgeting in 2011. the capital is allocated into the some classs that have contained its ain manner to be attractive bite to the clients. It is to do a positive possible state of affairs in their market and it plans by the 2013. Ferrero Rocher is able to upgrade with the rating in the given tabular array: Control and Implementation New characteristic Ferrero Rocher has been released in nutrient industry via assorted Medias like Television. Newspaper. and etc. As mentioning to the Gantt chart Appendix4. the merchandise has been good known but it need to be governed by the people who have its duty or qualified employers at working topographic point. In 2012 or the hereafter. any of concerns must be take attention of itself by the experts or the professionals in order to look into all of treating for predict and prevent if there misguided goods or hapless quality of a merchandises. [ Appendix4 ] * Identify all of health that can be great sale if the consciousness go a high * Outstanding of Active communities like web log. web site and facebook as a chirrup * Large of articulations a incursion or competition by the people * Useful advertisement tools like newspaper. Television and wireless to distribute* Positive image of the Ferrero Rocher* Reasonable or acceptable gait in all of processing* Logical scheme has a given into the concern* Strong market portion in confident relationship in long- term Ferrero Rocher is able to acquire rid of its troubles via these valid cellar program A ; action as a control. 13 % of net sale can be shown in proper execution that should be performed systematically every bit good. In outstanding of its facets. all of belongingss will be given such as a great net incomes or border. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //komunitikini. com/kl-selangor/putrajaya/malaysimalaysia-skilled-workers-at-25-perecnt [ Accessed 15 Feb 2012 ] 4. Mooney L. . 1997. ‘Advertising A ; Promotion: Design Choice’ . Brand Republic Group Website. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. marketingmagazine. co. uk/news/59757/ [ Accessed 20 Feb 2012 ] 5. Nair V. . 2012. ‘Couple’s alone love narrative wins contest’ . theonlinestar. com. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //thestar. com. my/news/story. asp? sec=central A ; file=/2012/2/18/central/10730535 [ Accessed 12 Feb 2012 ] 6. Percept media. 2011. MEDIA PLANNING GUIDE. 17th EDITION. UTUSAN MEDIA SALES. [ BOOK ] [ Accessed: 24 October 2011 ] 7. Starbucks. com. . 2009. ‘Starbucks in Malaysia’ . Starbuck Company. About Starbucks [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //starbucks. com. my/en-US/_About+Starbucks/Starbucks+in+ % 28your+country % 29. htm [ Accessed 21 Feb 2012 ]

Example Sentences of the Verb Pay

Example Sentences of the Verb Pay This page provides example sentences of the verb pay in all tenses including active and passive forms, as well as conditional and modal forms. Base Form pay / Past Simple paid / Past Participle paid / Gerund paying Present Simple Jack usually pays by credit card. Present Simple Passive The bill is paid at the end of every month. Present Continuous Tom is paying the bill now. Present Continuous Passive The bill is being paid now. Present Perfect Have you paid the telephone bill yet? Present Perfect Passive Has the telephone bill been paid yet? Present Perfect Continuous Jill has been paying their bills for years. Past Simple Tom paid for the vacation last month. Past Simple Passive The vacation was paid for by Tom last month. Past Continuous She was paying the waiter when the man walked into the restaurant. Past Continuous Passive The bill was being paid when the man walked into the restaurant. Past Perfect Peter had already paid the bill when I offered to get it. Past Perfect Passive The bill had already been paid when I offered to get it. Past Perfect Continuous She had been paying off all the accounts when her debt was forgiven. Future (will) Alice will pay him soon. Future (will) Passive He will be paid soon by Alice. Future (going to) Alice is going to pay him at the end of the week. Future (going to) Passive He is going to be paid at the end of the week. Future Continuous This time next week we will be paying off all the employees. Future Perfect He will have been paid over $100,000 by the end of the year. Future Possibility She might pay for dinner. Real Conditional If she pays for dinner, we wont eat very much. Unreal Conditional If she paid for dinner, we wouldnt eat very much. Past Unreal Conditional If she had paid for dinner, we wouldnt have eaten so much. Present Modal She must pay all her bills this week. Past Modal She cant have paid all her bills last month! Quiz: Conjugate With Pay Use the verb to pay to conjugate the following sentences. Quiz answers are below. In some cases, more than one answer may be correct. The bill _____ at the end of every month.Tom _____ for the vacation last month.The bill _____ when the man walked into the restaurant.Alice _____ him soon. I promise.He _____ over $100,000 by the end of the year._____ the telephone bill _____ yet?Peter _____ already _____ the bill when I offered to get it.If she _____ for dinner, we wouldnt eat very much._____ you p_____ the telephone bill yet?He _____ at the end of the week as scheduled.   Quiz Answers is paidpaidwas being paidwill paywill have been paidHas  been paidhad already paid  paidHavepaidis going to be paid

Catholic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Catholic - Essay Example After the death of Jesus the Christian belief became an independent faith, but a faith persistently persecuted by the Romans. The disciples of Jesus and their descendants would spread the word the gospels and the path to salvation through Jesus (Fairchild 1). It would not be until after the Romans abandoned their pantheon of Gods and adopted Christianity as their official religion that such persecution would stop. This is how the Roman Catholic Church was born (Bellitto 1-2). Its power spread throughout the lands and Rome conquered under the name of Jesus forcing many to convert under duress. It became and remains one of the most commonly practiced religions in the world. With the onset of the Scientific Revolution the belief in faith showed a bit of decline as the influence of science, logic, and rationale was embraced. However, that did not diminish the Church for long. Even today the number of people who admit that they are Catholic is higher than ever in certain states around the country. However, the number of people actually attending Church services has greatly diminished. There is a demographic change being seen in the faith, as well. Catholic congregations tend to be elderly women, middle class Caucasian families with small children, and Hispanic or Latino families. The number of young females of all age categories has heavily diminished, primarily because of the highly patriarchal interpretations of spiritual passages, there vocal position on the issue of birth control, and there diminishment of women’s rights have turned many young females from Catholicism as a religious option. However, despite these changing demographics and shifting Church presence experts remain confident that Catholicism will remain a top faith well into the future (Briggs 1). Again, as previously mentioned, experts on the subject of theology are confident that Catholicism will continue to have strong membership into the near future (Briggs 1).However, there are other opi nions that reference the fact that with the changing, globalization of the world it is imperative that all institutions, including Catholicism, will need to reform, reinvent, or innovate their perspectives to meet the changing times. If not, it is likely, that the distance between the logical, technological thinkers and those that practice religion will widen. In the next 5 years or the next decade it is likely that they will maintain their popularity, however in 25 years the world will have changed and if Catholicism, along with other faiths, are not willing to adapt to those changes it is possible that their number of believers will plummet. Teachings of the Group In the most basic explanation Catholics believe that there is One Almighty God, who created all the universe and the world we live upon and then created man in his image in a the Garden of Eden. He sent his son to be born of perpetual virgin, Mary, and then grow to become the leader who would lead them to salvation for t heir immortal souls. They believe that Jesus Christ is the means to salvation of the soul; which is extremely important to Catholics. If one is too heavy with sin they will spend eternity in Hell, while those who are free of sin and lead a â€Å"good life† will be allowed to enter the gates of Heaven. They believe that the Bible expresses truths that are not open for debate. They

Role of Leader in Managing Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Role of Leader in Managing Conflict - Essay Example Prior to the discussion of conflict management, it is vital to comprehend the meaning of conflict. Kleynhans (2009) described a conflict as an active disagreement between people with different opinions, values or interests. The Foundation Coalition (n.d) defined conflict as the bone of contention among individuals or groups due to differing goals, needs and ideas. Marshall (2006) defined the sources of conflict to be diverse in nature; †¢ Differences in the values and customs of the individuals †¢ Presence of limited number of resources, thus provoking individuals to compete †¢ Lack of information or barriers in communication †¢ Presence of hostility in relations In terms of the initiation of conflicts, the health care industry is no different. Health care sector faces numerous instances of conflicts on a daily basis; some of the instances might be witnessed between doctors and nurses whereas others amongst the nurses. Pierre, Hofinger and Buerschaper (2008) stated that health care professionals are faced with intense moments of unexpected scenarios, rare illnesses and reactions that require dynamic and effective decision making. Such capabilities are even greatly required in the Critical Care Unit (CCU) where patients are faced with life threatening situations. Therefore, this study seeks to critically discuss the role of a leader in managing conflict in a CCU, using real life examples and case studies from the health care sector. An example is drawn from critical care unit in Riyadh Military Hospital to identify the real life instances of conflicts in a health care organization. This paper seeks to critically analyze the different types of conflict management strategies and techniques with the aid of the available literature and theories, as well as the approaches that can be adopted to avoid conflicts in the health care sector. 2. Nature of Conflicts in a Health Care Organization Certain degree of clashes of ideas about tasks and projects are often witnessed in a health care organization. Hovatter (n.d) stated that conflicts are mainly initiated when needs are not met effectively. He further stated that conflicts involve the inhibition of achievement of tasks of an individual or group by the actions or ideas of an individual or a group. In the light of this notion, it can be stated that there are mainly two types of conflicts that are found in an organization; group and individual conflict. Group conflict pertains to collective disagreement over something by a group of people in the organization. On the other hand, individual conflict is more personal and it mainly involves individuals. In order to solve the conflict s, the leaders need to assume the responsibility of ensuring an amiable and supportive environment in the organization. The health care sector has witnessed great changes with the passage of the years. Fagin and Garelick (2004) stated that doctors have been considered as the main sources of knowledge and authority over the possession of medical information. Doctors have been known to be educated while nurses have been trained to follow the instructions of the doctors in the most effective manner. However, Fagin and Garelick (2004) also stated that the gap in the acquisition of knowledge has been reduced by the improvement of standard of training of nurses, which became effective in 2000 by the Department of Health’s Project. Vivar (2006) also agreed that the broadening of the scope of training and education of the nurses has resulted in greater conflicts between doctors and nurses.

Analysing an Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestly Essay Example for Free

Analysing an Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestly Essay In the closing scene of the play the main focus is on Eddie and how badly he wants his name back and he is willing to do anything to get it, even kill if he has to. When Rodolpho comes and kisses Eddies hand, it is showing that Rodolpho is willing to settle for half, which links back to Alfieris prologue, this demonstrates the fact that Rodolpho knows he has been caught and that Marco will have to go back to Italy but he doesnt mind as long as he can be friends with the uncle of his bride. Rodolpho, by coming to apologise s really trying to protect Marco because he knows what he is going to do, as later on he says Eddie, please, he has children! You will kill a family! we know then that this is leading up to the climax of the play and then the resolution. First of all Eddie only wants is him to come here and apologise to him but later on when Rodolpho does come to apologise his demands change and he now wants his name back because Marco publicly shamed him when he shouted I accuse that one he also said he killed my children! That one stole the food from my children! because Marco will now no longer be able to work in America, he will not be able to earn money to send back to Italy to feed his children. After he shouted this out in the neighbourhood and everyone knows that Eddie Carbone snitched he only wants his name and reputation back. When Marco appears (his eyes are murderous and he cracks his knuckles)we are given an indication here that Eddie is going to do something to Marco, although he tries to stay positive by saying maybe he come to apologise to me. After this we are brought to the climax of the play Eddie (lunges for Marco) and Marco instantaneously strikes Eddie in return. As the inevitable happens and the knife is plunged into Eddie by Marco and the crowd rush in to separate them Marco has delivered his own justice upon Eddie but with a knife and not using the law like Alfieri suggested he do. This is the climax of the play and has terrible consequences for both of the characters as there search for justice ends simultaneously, because Eddie is dead so can no longer have justice and Marco has killed Eddie so has carried out his own justice. In Alfieris epilogue he again raises the fact that most of the time now we settle for half but this is not something which Marco was willing to do, he wanted justice and there was nothing that was going to stop him. Conclusively, miller communicates strong themes of law and justice in the play. Each character has their own views on what is right and what is wrong. The differences between the Sicilian society and the American society also play a large part. This is shown when Marco says that Eddie would be dead by now if he was in Italy because he had snitched on the two brothers. This is probably why Marco wanted to deliver his own justice because thats what he would do in his own country. Also Eddie hadnt actually done anything wrong in the eyes of the law, in fact it was commendable by the law because he reported illegal immigrants, and it was the fact that he betrayed relatives that needed justifying.

The Search for Truth in Anton Chekhovs The Cherry Orchard and Sophocle

The scholar is engaged in the interminable quest for truth. The knowledge that one can never understand everything makes a person wise. Ignorance is the assumption that one can understand all about the world around them. An ignorant person is so confident they comprehend the truth, that they are blind to the greater truth. Anton Chekhov and Sophocles deal with the idea of this sinful pride that leads to ignorance in their respective works, The Cherry Orchard and Oedipus Rex. In each drama, certain characters are slapped in the face with the truth; the light is revealed. However, these characters make the connection when it is too late. Their destruction is already destined to become a reality, a horrid fate that could have been prevented. Both Chekhov and Sophocles present the universal theme that an open mind, constantly in search for truth, is the mark of a worthy individual, and prideful stubbornness can only lead to demise. The question must then be asked, what truths are evident in these texts? Oedipus is the proud king of a county called Thebes. However, his country has fallen on hard times as a result of angry gods displaying their wrath. The oracle reveals to Oedipus that the curse shall be lifted when the murderer of the former king is put to justice. As the incriminating evidence piles up against Oedipus, he remains ignorant of the truth that he is the killer whom he seeks. He stubbornly refuses to believe that he cannot escape his fate. Sophocles presents this ironic truth in light and dark imagery. The chorus dramatically demands, â€Å"Artemis, Huntress, / Race with flaring lights upon our mountains / [†¦] Whirl upon Death, that all the Undying hate! / Come with blinding torches, come in joy!† (Sophocles l.198-204). The... ...hile she awaits the news of what happened to the cherry orchard, she is still kidding herself with false hope, ignorant hope. She did not want to see the truth, and now her fate is sealed. Had she opened her eyes, things might have ended up differently. Trofimov tells her to look the dreadful truth straight in the eye because she â€Å"served [her] own destruction† (Sophocles l.1468. 20). And yet, despite the wisdom of our predecessors, do we not still find our vision obscured by a prideful stubbornness, our eyes sealed against the light of truth? Works Cited Chekhov, Anton. The Cherry Orchard. Four Plays. Trans. David Magarshack. New York: Hill & Wang, 1969. Eekman, Thomas A. Critical Essays on Anton Chekhov. Boston: G.K. Hall & Co., 1989. Sophocles. "Oedipus Rex." An Introduction to Literature, 11th ed.Eds. Sylvan Barnet, et al. New York: Longman, 1997.

Chinese Somatic Science Essay

In 1984 when the Japan-France symposium was held, scholars of religion, medicine and psychology were gathered from both sides, and they engaged in discussion in order to promote the movement of New Age Science. I included a suggestion, made from the Japanese side, presentations on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Parapsychology, Eastern martial arts and their demonstrations. In the martial arts demonstration there was included the performance of a technique in which a master martial artist, by emitting ki-energy (chi-energy), makes opponents, who are spatially distanced from him, fall down. This technique is called â€Å"distant hitting† [to-ate: é   Ã¥ ½â€œÃ£  ¦], and it became a conversation piece, attracting people’s attention. As a result, many q(g(ng (Chi-gong) masters came to visit me. I studied their techniques, and experienced ki-energy as a subject of their q(g(ng techniques. Afterwards, I went to China to learn about its actual situation. While I was staying in Beijing in 1997, the Chinese Society for Somatic Science (CSSS) was established. The leaders of this society came to see me with a request to make efforts to propagate q(g(ng in Japan. In the following year, I invited scholars and q(g(ng masters from China and held a symposium â€Å"Ki (Chi) and Human Science† in Tokyo.[i] At about this time, a q(g(ng boom was being generated. After this conference, I went to China many times to investigate and study q(g(ng. I will introduce its fundamental ideas, while incorporating my own opinion. Chinese Somatic Science focuses on the three fields of traditional Chinese medicine, q(g(ng and special abilities as its main objects of research. â€Å"Special abilities† refer to what parapsychology calls psi-ability (paranormal ability). A central focus in each of these fields is ki-energy as the object of research. Traditional Chinese Medicine understands the fundamentals of the human body’s organization by means of the network of meridians. Meridians are channels of energy which circulates in the interior of the human body. However, they are an invisible system which cannot be discovered by dissecting a corpse. In other words, they are a system unique to the body that is active while it is alive. I am taking this to mean, for now, like a system that organizes the subject-body (i.e. the lived body) of which Merleau-Ponty speaks. An important point, when it is seen from a theoretical point-of-view, is that the meridians are a system which does not agree with the mind-body dichotomization established since Descartes. That is to say, ki-energy is conceived to be a life-energy which has both physical and psychological characteristics. The fundamental principle of needle therapy used in traditional Chinese medicine lies in activating the circulation of ki-energy within the human body by infusing fresh ki-energy into the human body, while eliminating the stagnant and inferior flow of ki-energy. Next is q(g(ng. Q(g(ng teaches us that the activity of ki-energy can be heightened through a repeated training. Consequently, we can understand that q(g(ng, theoretically speaking, has a characteristic commensurate with the training in martial arts. It is a bodily technique with a tradition stretching from ancient times. In the case of medical therapy, a mature q(g(ng doctor guides patients to train themselves and practice q(g(ng on their own. Here we can discern a methodology different from the therapeutic method of modern medical science. While modern medical therapy leaves patients to assume a passive standpoint of simply receiving doctor’s treatment, q(g(ng lets them assume an active standpoint of training themselves. The point of this training lies in activating the natural healing power latent in the interior of one’s own body. Ki-energy is thought to be the energy that controls the foundations of life-activity. The training means to promote and purify the activity of ki-energy inside of one’s own body, and to transform it to the ki-energy of a better and higher quality. Therefore, it is a therapeutic method as well as a method of maintaining and promoting health. That is, it can become a method of maintaining health by continually training oneself daily, while it is not limited to a time of sickness. Q(g(ng is divided into internal and external q(g(ng for the purpose of convenience. The training which a patient performs after receiving guidance belongs to the inner q(g(ng, while the outer q(g(ng refers to cases in which a mature q(g(ng master performs therapy on a patient or subject. In these cases, the q(g(ng master usually touches the patient’s body with his hand, but there are cases in which a q(g(ng master, distancing himself from the patient, performs a therapeutic technique without making contact. It is probably safe to think that it is based on the same principle as the technique of therapeutic touch, which in recent years is beginning to spread in American. The third field that is called â€Å"special† ability in China, overlaps with the research of what is referred to in the West and Japan as parapsychology. On numerous occasions, I met with q(g(ng masters in China who have paranormal ability, and observed their technique, while engaging them in dialogue. I encountered people who can demonstrate a wonderful technique, not to mention clairvoyance and psycho-kinesis, which Rhine’s research problematized. Insofar as my research can confirm, there are cases of people who innately possess these abilities, and cases of people who have acquired them through training. If these abilities are used in the field of medicine, they can fulfill the same role as the external q(g(ng. Moreover, there are cases among master martial artists who can demonstrate this kind of ability, though its number is limited. One impression I have received when encountering these people is that there is a great difference between the East and the West in the foundational idea, when dealing with this kind of issue. While in the East this kind of issue has been dealt with as part of the issue related to self-cultivation, which traditionally has a cultural and religious background, there was no such historical and cultural background in the West. Consequently, parapsychological research in the West is preceded by an interest and concern from a theoretical point-of-view. This brings in the background of contemporary scholarly research where there is no concern for its relationship to daily activity. By contrast, in China’s case the practical purpose, as in the case of q(g(ng, looms in the purview of research. This kind of stance is based on the traditional ethos found in the history of science and technology in China. (Modern technology of the West emerged as an application of theory, where theoretical research does not take into account the relationship it has with the practical, daily activity of human beings.) When we examine it from a broader perspective, this kind of tendency is rooted in the philosophical tradition of the East which highly values the practical standpoint. However, there is a tradition in the East which admonishes people, as they are prone to fall into an ethically wrong tendency regarding paranormal phenomena. The tradition of East Asia such as that of China and Japan maintains that the bodily technique must conform to an ethical standpoint. Although I could hardly see such a spiritualistic stance in the contemporary situation in China and Japan, there were occasions where I met persons with such a stance, especially among the masters of martial arts, who are living among people, but not related to universities or academic institutions. In the tradition of Buddhism, this kind of â€Å"special† ability has been called â€Å"siddhi† [jints(riki; ç ¥Å¾Ã©â‚¬Å¡Ã¥Å â€º] and is considered a kind of a by-product that naturally emerges in the course of self-cultivation. Buddhism has persistently maintained that self-cultivation should not aim at acquiring this as its goal. For example, D(gen, a famous Japanese medieval Zen monk, teaches in the chapter of â€Å"Jints(† [Divine Power, i.e. paranormal power] in Sh(b(genz( that although Buddhism recognizes this kind of siddhi, it is a â€Å"small† siddhi, and the true â€Å"great† siddhi exists in the midst of such everyday activities as drinking tea and eating a meal. This reminds me of Yang Xin, a q(g(ng master, who is now actively promoting q(g(ng in America. When I saw him in Beijing some time ago, he told me that he was now studying â€Å"distant q(g(ng† [Chin. yu(g(q(g(ng; Jap., enkaku kik(, é   Ã©Å¡â€Ã¦ °â€"功]. He was accompanied by a twelve-year girl, who was his experimental subject. I asked him why he was conducting such an experiment. He replied: â€Å"I am not trying to become famous by showing off this kind of technique. As I read a description in a classic on the method of self-cultivation that one can perform this kind of technique, I just wanted to know if it is true or not.† Then he wrote on a piece of paper â€Å"Ã¥ ¤ §Ã© â€œÃ§â€ž ¡Ã¨ ¨â‚¬Ã¢â‚¬  [Chin., d(d(ow(y(n; Jap., daid(mugon] This phrase means that â€Å"The Great Dao remains silent and does not speak.† Herein lies, it would seem, a difference in the traditional ethos between the Eastern martial arts and Western sports. The historical origin of Western sports goes back to the Olympian events in ancient Greece. They emerged, based on the demands of a battlefield such as physical strength, stamina, running, throwing, and the handling technique of a house-drawn cart. We might say that the custom of the modern Olympics in which a record is valued more than anything else inherits this traditional idea. By contrast, in the tradition of the martial arts in the East runs an idea which emphasizes spirituality, even though the martial arts developed, like those of ancient Greece, through techniques used on the battlefield. The history of the Chinese and Japanese martial arts was nurtured through the influence of Buddhism and Shintoism. It came to develop the idea that training in martial arts has the meaning of enhancing one’s ethical personality. Consequently, the stance of respecting the opponent’s personality and capacity was sought in performing techniques. For example, Mr. Ueshiba Morihei, founder of Aikid(, states that â€Å"Martial art is love.† The ultimate goal of martial arts is not to win by defeating an opponent, but to harmonize with an opponent such that people can love each other under â€Å"that which is great† transcending humans. It would seem that â€Å"research on the prayer,† which has been recently initiated in America, incorporates this kind of spiritual idea. Incidentally, I came to realize in the course of investigating the Chinese Somatic Sciences that the standpoint of psychology was lacking. In modern China, which used Marxist materialism as its guiding principle for establishing the nation, psychology was not studied until the time of the Cultural Revolution, as anti-thetical to materialism. Even q(g(ng was an object of suppression. Today, however, the study of psychology is recognized to be legitimate, and the exchange with Japan is making an advance. I have practiced meditation since my youth, and have continued to research and study it. Meditation methods in the Chinese tradition were called â€Å"quiet q(g(ng† and stands a pairing relationship with the usual â€Å"moving q(g(ng† which mobilizes the body. However, almost no meditation methods are practiced in contemporary China. This is probably due to the fact that meditation methods such as those of Buddhism and Daoism were developed within the tradition of religious culture, and declined as a consequence of persecution after the modern period. When somatic science was established in Japan in 1991, we used for its English designation the Society for Mind-Body Science (SMBS), as I felt the importance of psychology. The fundamentals of meditation lie, after all, in promoting the circulation of ki-energy. When it is seen from the point-of-view of psychology, ki-energy designates libido. It is life-energy equipped in the unconscious and the body. The foundational idea that is placed in The Secret of the Golden Flower, a meditation text of Daoism, is to transform and sublimate ki-energy from the state of libido (Chin., j(ng; Jap., sei, ç ² ¾) to the state of â€Å"divine subtle energy† (Chin., sh(n; Jap., shin, ç ¥Å¾). Ki-energy changes into a spiritual energy, when the instinct and desire in one’s unconscious region are purified. Freud insisted that neurosis develops when conscience suppresses the activity of libido, while Jung claimed that libido is an energy related to religiosity. When one touches the activity from the dimension of primal origin, the love of others is transformed from the eros of flesh to spiritual love. To summarize the foregoing, ki-energy is an energy that controls the whole of psychology, medicine, and bodily technique, including the relationship between the environment and the human body. The philosophical guideline that comprehensively includes all of these fields is sought in the idea of the y(n-y(ng exchange of ki-energy which has its origin in the Yà ¬j(ng. According to its conceptual paradigm, nature as an environment is endowed with life, and is fostered to grow, by means of the activity of ki-energy issuing from the Dao that exists in the ultimate dimension. Human beings, along with other life activities, are receptive of this energy and are made to live. Purifying it to a sublime level brings about an enhancement of ethical personality.